Kategorie |
Psychologon / Psychologon
Chomského kritika pojetí verbálního chování B. F. Skinnera
Článek sumarizuje obsah knihy Verbal behavior (B. Skinner) a následnou reakci v podobě recenze A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior (N. Chomsky). Snahou autora je poukázat na podstatné odlišnosti v přístupu obou vědeckých osobností, které reprezentují dominantní psychologické směry šedesátých let 20. Století – behaviorismus a kognitivismus. Závěr je zaměřen na výslednou změnu vědeckého paradigmatu, jež vyvrcholila kognitivní revolucí.
Psychologon / Psychologon
W. M. Marston, otec Wonder Woman
Americký psycholog William Moulton Marston z pohledu některých mužů možná nejvíce přispěl společnosti svým kontroverzním životem, vzhledem k tomu, že bydlel se dvěma ženami a s oběma měl děti. Na dobu, ve které žil (první polovina 20. století), mnohé asi překvapí jeho propagace feminismu a zájem o emancipaci žen. Přínosy Williama M. Marstona ovšem spočívají jinde. První přínos, ten více vědecký, je jeho průkopnická práce ve vývoji budoucího polygrafu (tzv. detektoru lži). Druhým přínosem je pak stvoření komiksové superhrdinky, Wonder Woman.
Psychologon / Rešerše
Jeff Iliff: O důvod víc, proč se dobře vyspat
The brain uses a quarter of the body's entire energy supply, yet only accounts for about two percent of the body's mass. So how does this unique organ receive and, perhaps more importantly, rid itself of vital nutrients? New research suggests it has to do with sleep.
Psychologon / Rešerše
Martin Pistorius How my mind came back to life — and no one knew
Imagine being unable to say, "I am hungry," "I am in pain," "thank you," or "I love you,” — losing your ability to communicate, being trapped inside your body, surrounded by people yet utterly alone. For 13 long years, that was Martin Pistorius’s reality. After contracting a brain infection at the age of twelve, Pistorius lost his ability to control his movements and to speak, and eventually he failed every test for mental awareness. He had become a ghost. But then a strange thing started to happen — his mind began to knit itself back together. In this moving talk, Pistorius tells how he freed himself from a life locked inside his own body.
Psychologon / Psychologon
Existuje recept na štěstí?
Na téma štěstí vzniklo mnoho zajímavých výzkumů. Ty nejlákavější jsou podle mě zaměřeny na možnosti zvyšování štěstí v každodenním životě. A přesně o tom pojednávají metody intervence pozitivní psychologie. Pojďme se tedy podívat, jestli existuje zaručená cesta ke štěstí.
Psychologon / Psychologon
Ako čítame digitálny text?
Digitalizácia radikálne mení text ako žáner informácií. Objavujú sa nové možnosti práce s textom a tým aj nové zariadenia, z ktorých môže byť čítaný. Úmyslom tohto článku je načrtnúť diskusiu o rozdieloch v miere porozumenia textu v závislosti na médiu a rozšíriť tým povedomie o niektorých aspektoch týkajúcich sa čítania z papierového formátu, z obrazoviek LCD a z čítačiek kníh.
Psychologon / Rešerše
Can the damaged brain repair itself?
After a traumatic brain injury, it sometimes happens that the brain can repair itself, building new brain cells to replace damaged ones. But the repair doesn't happen quickly enough to allow recovery from degenerative conditions like motor neuron disease (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or ALS). Siddharthan Chandran walks through some new techniques using special stem cells that could allow the damaged brain to rebuild faster. (Siddhartan Chandran)
Psychologon / Psychologon
Vyhlášení soutěže o nejlepší populárně-vědecký článek pro PsychoLogOn
Vyhlášení soutěže o nejlepší populárně-vědecký článek pro PsychoLogOn
Psychologon / Psychologon
Feeling lonely? Get warm!
There can be no doubt that social exclusion has a significant impact on people’s mental and physical well-being. A lack of social contact is stressful for all living creatures and causes anxiety and depression (Zhong, Leonardelli, 2008). All of this is well-known, but why is loneliness so often associated with cold? What do these two have in common? Let’s find out.
Psychologon / Psychologon
Written Text as a Promising Diagnostic Tool for Parkinson’s Disease
In this particular case, we do not need to go abroad to witness a promising discovery. We can stay in Brno. At the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of technology, a research team led by Jiří Mekyska is developing a tool for early diagnostics of Parkinson’s disease which is based on processing the handwriting and speech utterances of patients. And it has to be said that their work looks very promising.
Psychologon / Psychologon
Mice, Attention and the Superior Colliculi
This article presents a commentary on a report claiming that the neurobiological origin of attention deficit disorder has been discovered. It compares the report with the original article, on which it is based, and informs the reader on the fundamental issues of ADD and ADHD. The neurobiological origin of the disorder has not been found, but, despite that, the research findings may have a considerable impact on its discovery in the future.
Psychologon / Psychologon
Mental Time Travel and the Role of Memory in Planning the Future
A well-known witticism says that many people complain about bad memory, but only few about a bad brain. Some people justify this memory deficit by their apparent excess of imagination and by the presence of a vision for the future. That is because the ability to plan for the future and imagine one’s own development trail is a necessity and a prerequisite for success in today’s world. Is this justification valid also for memories of the future, as some researchers call the images of the future? Many studies suggest that memory, specifically the autobiographical memory, is very important for one’s successful planning of future actions. Mental time travel to the future, but also how to keep one’s resolutions for the future better (for example, how to lose weight more easily) are the topics of this article.
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